Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid Empire / Sean Manning, MA. Innsbruck, 2018
Inhalt
[1]Titelblatt
iiWidmung
iiiAcknowledgements
ivBibliographic Abbreviations and Editions
viPhilological Abbreviations and Transliteration Conventions
viTable 1: Abbreviations (Language Names)
viTable 2: Notation from Historical Linguistics
viiTable 3: Special Characters Used for Transcribing Ancient Languages
viiiFurther Reading
4Chapter 1: A History of Research
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Early Classical Scholarship: Delbrück, Meyer, and the Specialists.
81.3 Broad Works 1962-1983: Hignett, Burn, Green, Rahe, and Cook
111.4 Alternatives to the Classical Tradition
141.5 The Achaemenid History Workshops and the Encyclopaedia Iranica
151.6 Western and Eastern Ways of War
191.7 Ferrill and Hellenistic War as Cultural Synthesis
201.8 The First Monographs: Bittner, Head, and Sekunda
241.9 Scholarship Since 1992
241.9.1 The Classicists' Tradition Since 1992
261.9.2 Alternative Approaches Since 1992
281.9.3 A Sense of Aporia 2005-2018
311.10 Achaemenid Army Studies, Roman Army Studies, and Early Greek Warfare
371.11 Aims of the Dissertation
381.12 Scope of the Dissertation
40Chapter 2: The Ancestors of Achaemenid Armies
402.1 Introduction
402.2 Setting the Scope
412.3 Methodology
432.4 The Scale of Warfare
462.5 Origin of Soldiers
492.6 Types of Troops
492.6.1 Dezsö's Model of Assyrian Troop Types
512.6.2 Ratios between Different Troop Types
532.6.3 Organization
552.7 Life on Campaign
562.8 Combat Mechanics
662.9 Technology
662.9.1 Chariots
692.9.2 Aramaic
702.9.3 Iron
722.9.4 Hand Weapons
742.9.5 Armour
762.9.6 Composite Bows
772.9.7 Organizational Technologies
772.9.8 Neither Revolution nor Stability
782.10 Conclusion
81Chapter 3: Kings at War: The Perspective of the Royal Inscriptions
813.1 The Cyrus Cylinder and Babylonian Royal Inscriptions
823.1.1 Who Spoke and Wrote Late Babylonian?
853.1.2 Who Heard and Read Royal Inscriptions?
883.1.3 The Relationship between Ideology and Practice
903.2 Teispid Ideology
963.3 Achaemenid Ideology
983.3.1 The Model of People and Land in DB
1003.3.1 The Cause of War at Behistun
1013.3.3 Actors at Behistun
1023.3.4 Organization and Equipment of Armies in Behistun
1033.3.5 Sinews of War
1033.3.6 Initiative
1043.3.7 Decisive Battle
1063.3.8 Lack of Interest in Details of Armies or Fighting
1073.3.9 Capture and Punishment of Ringleaders
1093.3.10 Space, Time, and Empire at Behistun
1103.3.11 Palace Art
1123.4 Conclusion
114Chapter 4: Commoners at War: the Perspective of Letters and Documents
1144.1 Introduction
1154.2 Methodological Problems Posed by Documents
1174.3 UCP 9/3 269ff.: The Gadal-Iâma Contract
1224.4 The Haṭru Organizations
1244.5 Soldiers Outside the Haṭru Organizations
1254.5.1 Temple Dependents
1264.5.2 Citizen Soldiers
1274.5.3 Chaldean Tribes Living Outside the Cities
1284.5.4 Contingents from the Subject Dominions
1284.5.5 Mercenaries, Military Colonists, or Wandering Experts
1324.5.6 The Gardu-Troops
1334.6 Service and Substitution
1354.7 Ethnicity and Service
1384.8 Bowmen, Horsemen, and Charioteers
1414.8 Equipping the Troops
1454.9 The Muster at Uruk
1464.10 Life Ina Madākti
1474.10.1 Activities of Soldiers
1544.11 Theories of Decline
1544.11.1 Overtaxation and Military Decline: The Rahe/Lane Fox Thesis
1564.11.2 Challenging the Premises of the Rahe-Lane Fox Thesis
1644.11.3 The Feudal Theory
1664.12 Conclusion
170Chapter 5 Material Remains: The Perspective of Archaeology
1705.1 Introduction
1735.2 Obstacles
1755.3 Notable Sites
1755.3.1 Persis and the Zagros
1775.3.2 Babylonia
1785.3.3 Syria
1795.3.4 The Levant
1805.3.5 Egypt
1815.3.6 Eastern Iran
1815.3.7 Cyprus
1825.3.8 Anatolia
1855.3.9 Aegean
1875.3.10 Objects Of Unknown Origin
1885.4 Classes of Evidence
1925.5. Larger Themes
1965.6 Conclusion
198Chapter 6: Greek Literature, and the Army in Action
1986.1 Introduction
1986.2 Methodological Problems
1996.2.1 The Problem of Writing a ‘Battle Piece’
2006.2.2 Greek Warfare as a Moving Target
2016.2.3 Synchronic and Diachronic Models
2036.2.4 How Greek is the Greek Tradition?
2036.2.5 Conflation of Reliability and Literary Skill
2046.2.6 Worked Example of Methodology: The Scythed Chariot
2126.3 Methodological Problems in Using the Classical Sources
2126.3.1 Uncritical Use of Classical Sources as a Framework
2156.3.2 Rationalizing Sources
2166.3.3 Source versus Gloss: Xenoi at The Granicus
2186.4 How did the Persians Fight? Eduard Meyer’s Answer
2236.5 An Alternative Model of Combat Mechanics
2236.5.1 The Problem of Labelling Persian Infantry
2256.5.2 The Equipment of Persian Infantry in Herodotus
2306.5.3 Equipment and Fighting Style
2316.5.4 An Analogy for Herodotean Combat
2356.5.5 Combat Mechanics in Later Sources
2386.5.6 Persian Armies in the Alexander Historians
2426.5.7 Greeks as a Cause of Change
2446.6 Three Excursi
2446.6.1 Calculating The Size of Armies
2526.6.2 The Idea of the Persians Adopting Greek Weapons
2546.6.3 Siege Warfare
2626.7 Conclusion
266Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future Research
274Bibliography